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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Dexmedetomidine on analgesia and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with lumbar spine surgery.Methods The patients were randomly divided into the control group (n=88) and the study group (n=100).The patients in the study group were treated with Dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 1.0 μg/kg for 15 min,and 0.3 μg · kg-1 · h 1 was continuously pumped.The anesthetic mode and drugs in the control group were similar to those in study group,except that Dexmedetomidine in the study group was replaced with physiological saline in the control group.Intraoperatively used dose of analgesic drugs,and pain and cognitive function changes were compared between the two groups.Results The intraoperatively used doses of Remifentanil,Fentanyl and propofol were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P＜0.05).The VAS scores were markedly lower in the study group than in the control group (2.6±0.5 vs.4.5± 1.2,t=4.9398,P=0.0000).The MMSE scores were higher in the study group than in the control group (28.0 ± 1.3 vs.26.0 ± 2.5,t =-6.6484,P=0.0000).Conclusions Intraoperative use of Dexmedetomidine for treatment of the elderly patients with lumbar surgery will not only reduce the perioperatively used dose of analgesic and sedative drug,but also reduce postoperative pain and improve postoperative cognitive function.
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Objective To evaluate the changes in expression of NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α in spinal cord in a rat model of bone cancer. Methods Seventy-two female SD rats weighing 150-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24 each): control group (group C);sham operation group (group S) and bone cancer pain group (group BP). Bone cancer was induced by intra-tibial inoculation of 1 × 105 Walker 256 breast cancer cells. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation was measured with yon Frey filaments. The expression of NF-κB p65, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord was determined by RT-PCR and the expression of NF-κB p65 by immuno-histochemistry and NF-κB p65 positive cell count was determined. Results The paw withdrawal threshold was significantly lower and the expression of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65 mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA and NF-κB p65 positive cell count in the spinal cord were significantly higher in group BP than in group C and S ( P ＜0.05 or 0.01 ). Conclusion Intra-tibial inoculation of Walker 256 breast cancer cells activates NF-κB in the spinal cord, leading to the increased release of IL-6 and TNF-α and mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Aim To pick out the siRNA which could most effectively inhibit the expression of TLR4 in microglial cells and to detect the cytotoxicity of the transfection complex.Methods Five siRNAs were chemicaly synthesized:four of them were used to inhibit TLR4 expression in microglial cells,the rest was fluorescence-labeled mismatch siRNA as a nagative control.They were all transfected into microglial cells,respectively.TLR4 mRNA was detected 24 h after transfection by RT-PCR and its protein expression wasobserved by Western blot 48 h later.The cytotoxicity of complex was detected using MTT.Results ① The transfection rate was high enough in microglial cells with siRNA(40 pmol)and LipofectamineTM 2000(1 μl).② The TLR4 siRNA pool reduced TLR4 mRNA by 85%(siRNA_(439)),73%(siRNA_(312)),67%(siRNA_(1495))and 33%(siRNA_(2062))respectively compared with mismatch siRNA-treated group 24 h after transfection in a microglial cell line.③ The TLR4 siRNA439 was the most effective siRNA(P<0.01).④ The cell survival rates were above 85% in the groups of Lipofectamine~(TM) 2000 1 μl compound less than 40 nmol·L~(-1) siRNA.Conclusions ① The TLR4 siRNA_(439) can inhibit TLR4 expression most effectively in microglial.② 40 nmol·L~(-1) siRNA and 1 μl Lipofectamine~(TM) 2000 have low cytotoxicity,which are suitable for transfection.
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Objective To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) in bone cancer pain in rats.Methods Fifty-six female SD rats weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 14 each): group ⅠNS operation; group Ⅱ bone cancer pain; group Ⅲ DMSO and group Ⅳ SB203580. Bone cancer pain was induced by injecting Walker256 mammary gland cancer cell suspension (107 cells/ml) 5 μl into the bone marrow of left tibia in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.5% DMSO 10 μl and SB203580 10 μg in 10 μl were injected IT in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively at 10 days after bone cancer pain model was established. Paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation was measured before and at 1,3,5,7,10 d after bone cancer pain model was established and at 1,3,6, 12,24 h after IT DMSO or SB203580 injection. Six animals in each group were killed at 6 h after IT DMSO and SB203580 injection. The L_(4,5) lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of pCREB expression in the dorsal born by immuno-histochemistry. Results The rats developed hyperalgesia at 7 d after bone cancer pain had been induced. IT SB203580 significantly increased mechanical pain threshold. The number of pCREB positive neurons in the dorsal horn of L_(4,5) segment of the spinal cord was significantly increased by bone cancer pain. IT SB203580 significantly attenuated the increase in pCREB expression induced by bone cancer pain. Conclusion Intrathecal SB203580 can relieve the hyperalgesia induced by bone cancer pain and inhibit CREB phosphorylation in the spinal dorsal horn. p38MAPK signal pathway plays an important role in bone cancer pain.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the volatile constituents from the flowers of Gypsophila oldhamiana. METHODS: The volatile components were analyzed by head-space solid phase micro-extraction coupled with GC-MS. RESULTS: 18 compounds were identified from G. oldhamiana, accounting for 87.52% of the total volatiles, among which 1-Hexanol accounted for 20.32%, followed by dimethylsulfide (10.30%),2-ethyl-furan (9.44%),nonanal (6.84%),3-methyl-butanal(6.33%). CONCLUSION: The study can provide scientific basis for the further development of the flowers of G. oldhamiana.